What We Do

SCOPE

Control Systems Engineer activity is focused to the design and study of the automation control and monitoring systems of the power energy, the
renewable & alternative power energy supplies, the electric metering systems and the services in this field.

CSE offers the consulting and the assessment related to

- the potential energetic assessment of the river, wind, solar and biogas regions in Albania,
- the automatic control and monitoring systems (CMS) of the renewable energy generation and grid systems,
- the renewable and alternative power generation plants and grid connection,
- the electricity metering system and smart grid,
- the dams instrumentation and monitoring systems,
- the technical project specification and procurement,
- the project implementation and commissioning in the renewable energy sources, technology, energy efficiency, smart grid, etc.

METHODOLOGY

CSE - Control Systems Engineer uses the original methodology for the assessement of the potential hydro energetic of the river river in Albania,
using an estimation module that calculates the monthly discharge (surface and ground water) based on input variables such as monthly
precipitation, intensity and frequency of rainfall, snowfall, air temperature and solar radiation as well as regional specific discharge.

Firstly, it is calculated the monthly discharge water flows for the gauged and ungauged sites of the river or the stream, within a certain catchment
areas, making possible the calculation of the monthly energy generation and the selling of the electricity. The monthly discharge simulations of
the module help or speed up the calculations and the assessment of the potential hydro energetic of the river or the stream if no observed
discharge data are available, educing the cost of the feasibility studies for the building of the new hydro plants.

The module is designed as a lumped, deterministic rainfall-runoff model. It should be calibrated, validated and tested with the observed discharge
data from the official sources (IEWE - Institute of Energy, Water and Environment of Albania, AKBN - National Natural Sources Agency) and the
other international organisations (FAO, GAISMA, UNESCO, RIVDIS databases), etc. The effect of future climate change on the discharge water
flow should be assessed and the power generation.

DFEM module processes the monthly data of the precipitation P (mm), the rain intensity and the rainfall events, the air temperature Ta (grade C),
the solar radiation Ra (W/m2/day), the catchment area (km2) and its altitude (m), the river length (m) and slope (%), snow coverage area (in %
of the catchment area), etc. This module considers few input data, variables and parameters to be calculated and optimized and it runs in MS
Excel format.

A mathematical relationship Q=f(R) between the effective rainfall and discharge water flow is developed where the runoff (R) contains all surface
and groundwater flows. A new tipical parameter is introduced: the discharge flow per day at the outlet of the catchment area.

After the calibration and the validation data, the "goodness on fit" tests are performed to examine the efficiency and the performance of the
module; these tests are Mass balance error, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency criteria, Schulz criteria and the linear correlation R2.

The monthly flow duration curve (FDC) is defined ranking the discharge values by magnitude; divide the range of average value into class limits
and add up the total numbers of the value that are greater than the lower limit for each successive class; the cumulative number of ooccurences
is converted in percentage of the time. Based on the calculated monthly FDC, it is detemined discharge flow design Q-design at the outlet of the
catchment area and the power capacities. The monthly power generation and the power capacity is calculated.

On the influence of the climate change factors (precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation), the module predicts the impacts on the actual
meteorological measure data and it determines the predicted uncertain discharge water flows and power generation.

Secondly, it should be don the analyses, the configuration and the assessment of the river (or stream), determining the sites or the profiles for
the bulding and the installation of the new hydro plants, i.e. geographical position, the head gross, net head, discharge flow, flow duration curve,
power capacity, electricity generation. For each plant should be estimated the economic efficiency (W>0) considering the specific investment cost,
the selling price, the initial total investment, the lifetime 35 years, the interest rate, etc.

Also, new concepts and methodologies are applied for the assessment of the energetic potential of the landfill dump (LFG), biofarm sluges and
crops, wind and PV solar energetic potential in the diferent regions in Albania and abroad.